Convergence in information and communication technology ict using patent analysis. The concept of convergence as it applies to ict corine mcdonald. Pdf convergence in information and communication technology. The information and communication technologies ict sectors are in a process of technological convergence. This paper addresses the convergence of ict and education. Many countries now regard understanding ict and mastering the basic skills and concepts of ict as part of the core of education, alongside reading, writing and numeracy. Convergence offers a set of services that can utilize this capacity, which due to excess capacity and the competitive bankruptcies early in this decade have driven down prices. While the convergence of information and communication technologies icts was previously assumed to spawn positive outcomes that would enhance the betterment of humanity, the convergence of the most popular radio and telephony in uganda has, on the contrary, heightened tensions between the central government and the most powerful and influential cultural institution and is. The national icts for health and development forum offered the opportunity to share experiences on advancements in ehealth and brainstorm key actions to address gaps and explore opportunities for partnerships. Convergence, divergence, urgency and the long view on ict geoffrey c.
Integrated ict approaches to rural poverty reduction. The use of these icts has the potential to alter the relationships between those invested with the power to govern and those who are governed, with p. The smart energy, which is a convergence of energy and ict, has been remarkable in the fields of electric power. Introduction to information and communication technology in. Slower labour productivity in europe reverses a longterm path toward convergence. A key deliverable of the forum was the development of a roadmap for developing unique id numbers for health care seekers in ghana. The expeditious development of various emerging technologies which facilitates the integration of information and communication technology ict has drastically changed the lifestyle of contemporary society and has created a new educational paradigm shift in instructional pedagogy. Technological convergence is a theory which refers to the tendency for technologies that were originally unrelated to become more closely integrated and even unified as they develop and advance. Access to new icts is still a faraway reality for the vast majority of people. Sectoral analysis of energy productivity convergence. Similarly, structural data were replaced as a main concern for traditional it with ict s large amounts of semistructured or unstructured data.
Exploring radio, convergence and development in africa. In 1995, a television and a mobile phone were completely different devices. Singh and raja 2010 identified service convergence, network convergence and corporate convergence. Wendy harcourt external advisor is editor of the journal development and director of programmes at the society for international development, rome, italy. Moreover, technology convergence in ict has received particular attention.
There are 5 elements of technological convergence which are. Convergence is structural in nature, and changes to industry structure are the most profound changes associated with it. In modern society where digital technology prevails, the combination of information and communication technology ict and the various human activities created the term eservices. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger increase access to market information. Convergence of technologies is the major contributor to the exponential growth of icts in. According to tinio 2003, ict refers to information communication technologies which include a range of technologies and other resources that are used to create, communicate, store, disseminate and manage information. Dynamic market and technology developments have led to a phenomenon known as convergence, defined in this volume as the erosion of boundaries between previously separate ict services, networks, and business practices. Bernard and jones 27 that measures the disparity of productivity of the given time period can be calculated by applying the standard. Public awareness about icts lack of integrated approach lack of regulatorylegal framework absence of processes and systems create onestop government. Pdf convergence is the interlinking of computing and other information.
Taking advantage of this kind of technology, the individuals form convergent system and mechanism based on their interests, hobbies and benefits. The description of the convergence model is structured with reference to the concepts globalization, ict, life environment, life role, effects on humans. There is a minor difference between distance education and elearning. If we channel the right investments in human capacity development, we shall have laid the foundations for the creation of an information society and knowledge economy in uganda. Technological convergence has raised a number of issues of adjustment to the new environment by telecom operators, service providers, policymakers, regulators, and users. Voice over ip voip is the latest major step in a convergence process that has been underway for three decades. Benefits and challenges of information and communication. Greek auth ors works in the form of ebooks pdf or doc form at. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. But the dramatic increase in mobile phone penetration on the continent is ushering in a significant change in interpersonal communications and potentially a change in the conventional broadcast medium of radio. Icts and individual convergence of egovernance atlantis. The concept is roughly analogous to convergent evolution in biological systems, such that for example the ancestors of whales became progressively more like fish in outward form and function, despite. More and more fake pieces circulate, without the possibility of scientific examination. Convergence occurred when digital media, telecommunications and computer technologies icts merged to produce ict.
Exploring radio, convergence and development in africa1 allan thompson when it comes to media in africa, radio is still king. Outside of the commercial applications where ict has been most extensively applied so far, ict also holds great potential to drive human development. Network is gradually becoming a basic way and important carrier for individual. On future networks, the majority of traffic will be video, which will increase the volume of data traffic dramatically. In section a, it argues that icts are diffusing and will continue to diffuse more slowly in developing than industrialised economies. It provides a brief overview of some of the key topics in the field of information and communication technology ict in education.
The researchers, collectors and art lovers are in direct need of a responsible documentation which can be achieved by digital technology. Pdf 1mb epub 1mb cited by growth in the information and technology ict sector has exploded over the past 20 years. Humankind has come a long way since the development of telephones and computers and in the recent past, we have witnessed a proliferation of technologies as a result of converging. Diverse icts can be integrated as a learning resource that could widen education opportunities and enable the teachinglearning process to be more effective and engaging 12. Icts sector, it is not only a technological issue but also a developmental one, with impact in everyday. Based on the existing literature, the thesis presents a new typology of icts use in museums dividing technologies according to their characteristics, objective, and place of use. While the convergence of information and communication technologies icts was previously assumed to spawn positive outcomes that would enhance the betterment of humanity, the convergence of the most popular radio and telephony in uganda has, on the contrary, heightened tensions between the central government and the most powerful and influential cultural institution and. The use of icts is higher in elearning than distance learning. Many countries now regard understanding ict and mastering the basic skills and concepts of ict as part of the core of education, alongside reading, writing. What is icts and what types of icts are commonly used in education. Is it possible to harness icts to serve larger goals of equality and justice. The schedule of icts courses for jan apr 2019 are given below.
It will advance icts to improve competitiveness and accelerate innovation across the. In section b, it argues that there is an inequality of ictrelated impacts. Like traditional it, the traditional ct industry needs. The convergence of information and communication momentum. Information and communications technology ict 21 goaltarget role of icts 1. Information and communication technology ict is a major challenge to our educational system. This study has collected 58 reports on the future of the electric power industry for a total of years from 2006 to 2018. Central to these is the issue of gender and womens equal right to access, use and shape icts. Adopting such a contextual perspective to ict integration in schools is important, especially when conducting studies in education, for the result should not be simply knowledge, but useable knowledge lim, 2002, p. The impact of ict on productivity and growth september 2011 differences in productivity growth between europe and the us since the mid 1990s, the patterns of productivity growth between europe and the united states have been diverging. The convergence of information and communication technologies networks. Convergence, divergence, urgency and the long view on ict. Dynamic market and technology developments have led to a.
Convergence of information and communication technology. The sigmaconvergence see for example, fan and casetti 26. The changes in train in icts are the results of human decisions that are reflected in the trajectory of ict innovation. Introduction to information and communication technology. We examined the association rules between icts and their functions and effects with the collected reports. Reviewing discussion on ict convergence in the future of. Pdf information communication technology ict concepts. Elasticity theory and fluid dynamics with rudiments of the dynamics of anisotropic fluids and pattern formation in biology. During the past few decades of rapid technological advancements the boarders between telecommunications, the internet and mass media.
It begins with a description of the socalled knowledgebased society and how its evolution, an offspring of technology, has encompassed different areas, paving the way for innovation in education and prompting generation of new knowledge. As reforms have paved the way for indias rapid economic expansion in recent years, particularly in the service sector, information and communications technology ict has assumed a dominant role as the underwriter of indias growth. Icts stand for information and communication technologies and are defined, for the purposes of this primer, as a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information. Convergence in information and communication technology ict. It is a concept that almost every member of the society must adapt but we should as much as. The fourth driver for convergence is the consolidation in the development and provision of content and services. Convergence takes place when these multiple products come together to form one product with the advantages of all of the individual technologies. The concept of convergence as it applies to ict corine. Public awareness about icts lack of integrated approach lack of regulatorylegal framework absence of processes and systems create onestop government portal prioritization of services improve ict access by citizens emphasize bangla interface for citizen services need training and leadership. During the past few decades of rapid technological advancements the boarders between telecommunications, the internet and mass media are receding. Technological convergence has given rise to many new ict platforms and to greater capabilities for large. Dec 08, 20 the concept of convergence as it applies to ict. The ways in which the fruits of technical progress are coordinated, accommodated or resisted, come from within a. Each of the different icts prints, audiovideo cassettes, radio and tv broadcasts, computers or the internet may be used for this purpose.
The conversion of telecommunication telecom networks and all. Growth in the information and technology ict sector has exploded over the past 20 years. This article provides information about the convergence of information and communication technology. The convergence of information and communication technologies 38 the global information technology report 2012 way around. What is icts and what types of icts are commonly used in. These two more recent studies have mainly concentrated at the aggregate level of energy productivity or intensity convergence. Convergence in information and communication technology. Currently, tremendous progress has been made in the allip model. This book is designed for use by prek12 preservice and inservice teachers, and by teachers of these teachers. Since the 1990s, information and communications technology ict has been.
Wendy has written widely in the area of gender, culture and development, including edited books on women and the internet. Nevertheless, media convergence is really good and is something that has contributed immensely to the media coverage and to the growth and development of our society at large. Convergence in communication technologies means that different kinds of communication technologies are coming closer to each other. Ict innovation and sustainable development 3 longterm sustainable development. Convergence opportunities and factors influencing the use of. The aim of this thesis is to investigate further how museums make use of icts in order to execute and achieve success in their innovative projects and goals. It and ct, ict convergence will strengthen both indus tries by accelerating the. This section addresses the current divergence between the technology drivers and the potential beneficiaries in rural areas in developing countries, together with the opportunities arising from the continued convergence of icts, old and new.
The individual convergent tendency of egovernance is deeply influenced by current information and communication technologies icts. Icts and individual convergence of egovernance atlantis press. Organizations, experts and practitioners in the education sector increasingly recognizing the importance of ict in supporting educational improvement and reform. One solution consists in introducing socalled spatial lags or crossregressive models. The advert of icts led to the innovation of technological convergence. This paper presents an eculture services portal, focusing on. Abstract over the past decade, most factories across developed parts of the world employ a varying amount of the manufacturing technologies including. As reforms have paved the way for indias rapid economic expansion in recent years, particularly in the service sector, information and communications technology ict has assumed a dominant role as. Information and communication technology ict has become, within a very short time, one of the basic building blocks of modern society. Convergence opportunities and factors influencing the use of internet and telephony 5 by rural women in south africa and india towards empowerment code division multiple access cdma is a digital wireless technology that works by converting analog information, such as speech, into digital information, which is. An example of this is the mobile phone which provide text, graphic and voice. Protocol ip have permitted the convergence of services on the internet to include, not only data, pictures, music and video, but also voice communication, including public voice services.
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